二.两个基本点：“死去活来”;表达>内容

　　三.四个层次：词 句 段 文

　　1.英语用词较灵活

　　我认为

　　I think…?

　　I believe/ argue/ insist/ maintain/ deem/ As I see it,/ In my opinion,/ From my point of view,/ As to me,/ As for me,/ As regards me,/ When it comes to me,/As far as I am concerned,…

　　2.英语句型较丰富

　　1)主语从句

　　It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.

　　It is well-known that…

　　It is self-evident that…

　　It goes without saying that… It is universally acknowledged that…

　　2)宾(表)语从句

　　We cannot understand why he was so cruel to his roommates.

　　The problem is not who will go, but who will stay.

　　3)定语从句(限定性和非限定性)

　　As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described…in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table…,

　　There are many reasons why I want to study in your university.

　　It is estimated that tens of billions of yuan is spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste.

　　4)状语从句(时间，原因，地点，条件，让步，转折等)

　　When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster (怪物) which will devour him.

　　Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of computers.

　　5)分词短语做定语或状语

　　Prof. Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire English better.

　　Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.

　　6)倒装句

　　Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.

　　Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.

　　7)被动句

　　Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem.

　　He is said to have accomplished a lot of great deeds.

　　Many people believe that…(It is believed that…)

　　8)设问句

　　Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him?

　　3.英文段落展开严谨

　　第一段：主题句法;提出问题

　　第二段：列举法;正反法;举例法;因果法

　　第三段：给出意见;解决问题;归纳法

　　4.英文文章结构清晰

　　四.写作三步骤：

　　Pre-writing; While-writing; Post-writing

　　五.必背范文

　　Writing 1 作文基本结构

　　Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way

　　(1) “Where there is a will, there is a way” is accumulated experience we inherited from our forefathers and it is still widely applied to our present life. (2) The idiom proves that we must have a strong will if we want to achieve any success. (3) Without determination, we will be complete failures in life and in our careers.

　　(1) A case in point is the study of English. (2) Take my neighbor, Xiao Wang, as an example: He is not confident in learning English and he doesn’t have a strong will to learn it better. (3) So the natural consequence is that he often fails the English exams. (4) As far as I am concerned, I firmly believe that I can learn English well and I make a plan to spend five hours a day on English. (5) As it turns out, I have made much progress in learning English, which gives me more confidence in my future career. (6) In a sense, I benefit much from my strong will.

　　(1) A lesson that can be drawn from the above examples is obvious. (2) A strong will can make a difference between success and failure in our English study as well as in our future career. (3) Therefore, we must have determination in order to succeed.

　拓展：2005年12月作文

　　Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:

　　1. 名校校园正成为旅游新热点。

　　2. 校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同。

　　3. 我认为……

　　Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?

　　Nowadays, some famous universities have become a hot tourist attraction. Many middle school students and ordinary tourists swarm into university campuses such as Peking University and Tsinghua University. They can enjoy the intellectual atmosphere there and also be a part of it.

　　When it comes to whether the university campus should be open to tourists, different people hold different views. Some argue that since most universities belong to the country, every citizen has a right to visit them. What’s more, middle school students can have a good impression of the universities, which will set a definite goal for themselves. However, other people maintain that the visitors will distract the attention of teachers and students in universities; therefore, their visit should be banned.

　　As I see it, the visit brings people both benefits and harms. We should open most parts of universities to visitors; meanwhile, some private or important parts should not be opened. Only in this way can we satisfy both tourists and universities.

　　　Writing 2 辞职信

　　Directions: Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Car Manufacturer. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.

　　Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.

　　Dear Mr. Wang,

　　I’m writing this letter to inform you of my decision to resign from my current position. Although I appreciate the opportunity of having worked here for two months, I do not feel the job suits me.

　　There are several reasons why I have to quit my job. First of all, I find that what I learned at university cannot meet the requirements of my job. Therefore, I plan to study further and decide to prepare for the entrance exams for graduate schools. In addition, I am more interested in communicating with people instead of the words. In the end, the work pressure is too much for me, which has affected my health. I need more time to adapt myself to working under such pressure.

　　I’m sorry for any inconvenience my resignation may cause. However, I do hope you will approve of it and I’m looking forward to your reply.

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Li Ming

　　Writing 3 倡议书

　　Directions:: You see many instances of waste on campus. Write an open letter to all your fellow students stating the instances of waste you witness, telling the harms of waste and calling on them to reduce waste and save resources.

　　Dear Fellow Students,

　　As is known to all, waste on campus has become a more and more serious problem. We can easily see many students dump a lot of food in the garbage can. Some students spend thousands of yuan buying fashionable clothes and so on.

　　The negative effects of waste can be shown in the following aspects. In the first place, it makes some students dependent on their parents for money, which is harmful to their development. If they don’t learn to support themselves, they will be “useless people” when they graduate. In the second place, it is not easy for our parents to arrange for our schooling. Last but not least, there is no denying the fact that our country is still poor. There are many people who cannot go to university and many poor people still need our help.

　　Since our country is trying to build a conservation-oriented society, we university students should set examples for the society to reduce waste and save natural resources. First of all, we should refrain from wasting anything, from food to stationery. What’s more, we must form the habit of saving resources, from water to money. Only through these measures can we hope to reduce waste on campus.

　　Writing 4 图画描述

　　Beijing 2008 Olympics Logo

　　1. Describe the picture;

　　2. Tell the meaning of the picture.

　　The emblem, officially entitled “Chinese Seal—Dancing Beijing”, has a single Chinese character on a traditional Chinese seal. The words “Beijing 2008” are written with a Chinese brush below it. The figure in the logo resembles a runner or dancer and the Chinese character “Jing” which means “capital”.

　　The image carries the message that today’s China is not only a nation with a long and glorious history, but also one full of modern dynamics.

　　Dancing Beijing is a journey to the future, the emblem for China moving towards the 2008 Olympic Games. It represents the heart of an ancient culture embracing the modern world, the spirit of a people moving towards a new destiny. It captures the soul of a city in transformation and its motion conveys a message of hope, joy, and unity.

　　Dancing Beijing is a symbol of the city’s promise to make the Games a success and to be unlike any the world has known. The Chinese seal of Dancing Beijing is a promise rooted in honor and trust, character and truth.

　　Dancing Beijing is the color of China. Red is the most significant color in Chinese culture’s symbol of luck, of celebration and of new beginnings. The depth of its meaning equals the depth of its beauty.

　　Dancing Beijing represents the spirit of the individual. It is the symbol for every Olympian, every performer, every volunteer and every spectator. Arms flung wide, it invites all people and the world to share in the city’s history, beauty, energy, and its future.

　　Dancing Beijing is in the form of the dragon, the ancient symbol of

　　Chinese culture that has both beauty and majesty. It symbolizes a binding of the fire and light of the Chinese people, the power to the promise.

　　Dancing Beijing is an invitation, a hand extended in welcome to China’s celebration. The Games are held in the hope of uniting humanity as never before. They are a gesture of friendship and hope that the community of nations will unite in peace through sport.

　　　Writing 5 统计图表分析

　　Directions: The following table gives statistics showing the aspects of quality of life in five countries. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information in the table below.

　　CountryGNP per head (US dollars)Daily calorie supply per headLife expectancy at birth (years)Infant mortality rates (per 1000 live births)

　　Bangladesh140187740132

　　Bolivia570208650124

　　Egypt69029505697

　　Indonesia58022965187

　　USA1316036527412

　　The table uses four broad economic indicators to show the standard of living in five selected countries, including both the most developed nation in the world and some of the less developed nations. There is no denying the fact that the USA had much higher quality of life than other countries.

　　As can be clearly seen from the statistics, the USA—one of the richest countries in the world—had the highest GNP and daily calorie intake, the longest life expectancy and the lowest infant mortality rate. The other developing countries had a considerably lower quality of life. Egypt, Indonesia and Bolivia were similar in their range of indicators, with Egypt having the highest quality of life among the three. However, Egypt’s infant mortality rate was slightly higher than Indonesia’s, at 97 deaths per 1000 compared to 87 in Indonesia. Bangladesh had by far the lowest quality of life in all the four indicators. Its GNP was only about one-hundredth that of the USA. The figures in terms of the daily calorie supply per head and life expectancy at birth in Bangladesh are the half of those respectively in USA, and its infant mortality rate was 10 times greater.

　　In conclusion, it goes without saying that the four developing countries have to develop a lot more before reaching the same level of quality of life as the USA. At the same time, the USA has the responsibility to help the other countries to develop their economies and improve their people’s living standard.

　　Writing 6 对比

　　Can Computers Replace Teachers in English Teaching?

　　1. 计算机及多媒体技术在大学英语课堂上使用越来越广泛。

　　2. 老师和计算机相比的好处。

　　3. 计算机是否能在将来取代老师?为什么?

　　Nowadays computer-aided instruction is getting more and more popular on the campus throughout the world, especially in teaching English. More and more students tend to learn English independently with the help of multimedia learning software. They claim that they have more freedom of learning whatever they like at their own pace, with both ease and care. What’s more, computer-aided instruction is an original way of learning, which can arouse students’ interest.

　　However some people believe that teachers can better help students learn knowledge and acquire skills. They argue that, for one thing, students cannot talk to machines. It goes without saying that to learn English better, students should talk to teachers and get in touch with them. For another, computers cannot supervise students, thus some students spend the precious time not on English, but on net chatting or browsing porn websites.

　　As far as I am concerned, computers cannot replace teachers in English teaching because students need to contact human beings, not

　　machines. At the same time, they should try their best to gain more from computer-assisted programs. By combining the two methods, students can learn English better.

　　　Writing 7 漫画描述及分析

　　　Our Right Attitudes Toward Animals

　　Your essay should meet the requirements below:

　　1) Describe the cartoon and deduce the purpose of the drawer of the cartoon;

　　2) State the negative effects of eating wild animals; and

　　3) Give your suggestion as to how to solve the problem.

　　As is depicted in the cartoon, both the cat and snake are on the table, with tears in their eyes, waiting to be eaten by humans. Through this picture, the drawer condemns the eating of wild animals.

　　Eating wild animals gives rise to a lot of negative effects. In the first place, as many wild animals carry parasites, when we eat them, the parasites enter our bodies, thus causing a lot of illnesses. In the second place, since animals are an indispensable part of our environment, the extinction of some animals may disturb the natural balance. Last but not least, eating wild animals is cruel.

　　Since eating animals causes so many harms, we should work together to put an end to the problem. On the one hand, the government should make stricter laws to prohibit people from eating wild animals. On the other hand, all the people should realize the harms of eating wild animals and refrain from doing so.

　　Writing 8 问题解决

　　How Can Laid-off Workers Find New Jobs?

　　1. 很多下岗工人很难找到新的工作。

　　2. 如何帮助他们。

　　The market economy has brought China both benefits and headaches, one of which is the problem of finding new jobs for laid-off workers. There is no denying that serious social problems will arise unless this problem is properly solved. As a result, it is essential to explore ways to get laid-off workers back to work.

　　Serious as the problem seems, we can find some solutions to it. To begin with, priority should be given to the expansion of tertiary industry(第三产业) because tertiary industry can create a great number of positions with few restrictions on age, education, skill, etc. Also, little capital is needed to set up enterprises in this field. In addition, the laid-off workers have to update their skills to meet the demands of the society, just as the old saying goes, “God helps those who help themselves.” Last but not least, they should stop relying on the state and throw away any worries about their “face” while doing “low” jobs such as washing dishes at restaurants or sending newspapers to households. Once the habit of dependency is cracked, then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving their living standards.

　　Writing 9 招聘启事

　　Greetings, prospective Lenovo interns!

　　This year, our program is heading into its 10th year of bringing China's best and brightest to the nation's capital to help China’s most successful technology company improve its reach into the next generation. We expect that 2006 will be the most exciting one yet!

　　Why, you might be asking yourself, do I want to be a part of this demanding, yet rewarding program? Check this out:

　　·You have the chance to see the inner workings of Lenovo’s marketing department from an insider’s perspective!

　　·Over the course of just three months, you can build lasting relationships with some of China’s most influential business leaders!

　　·Get access to first-class on-the-job training that is useful in a number of fields!

　　The successful applicant will have a bachelor’s degree (or equivalent), and will have a working command of English. While the internship is unpaid, housing, food, and transportation are all provided.

　　Writing 10 记叙+议论

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the title Immoral Behavior in Public according to the following OUTLINE given in Chinese. Your composition should be no fewer than 120 words.

　　1. 我们经常在公共场合见到各种不道德的行为，叙述你的一次相关经历。

　　2. 这些不文明的行为会有哪些影响。

　　3. 我们应该怎样改善这种现象。

　　Immoral Behavior in Public

　　To witness immoral behavior in public, one need only visit the Beijing subway. I still remember the first time I took the Beijing subway. It was an early morning. I was in a hurry to go to school. When I was trying to get a ticket, I found a lot of people waiting in front of me, but nobody was in the line.

　　Immoral behaviors in public cause a series of problems. One of the most serious ones is that it may exert a negative impact on our sense of social responsibility. We will keep ignoring other people’s rights and feelings, and in turn, we too will be disrespected in some day. Another harm of immoral behaviors is that it is a hindrance to our economic development and poses a threat to our building a “harmonious society”.

　　The improvement of this phenomenon is certainly not easy. With an eye on practical implementation and cost effectiveness, I propose that society make it clear in every way that people who fail to respect the common good will be seriously punished. Stricter policies for this should be made to correct this phenomenon as soon as possible.