Directions: Read the followi ng passages carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).

　　Culture shock is so named because of the effect it has on people when they enter a new culture.

　　Experts have been interested in these effects and have agreed on five basic stages of culture shock. These stages are general and should only be used as a reference. Not every individual will go through each stage, and one stage may last longer that another for different individuals.?

　　The hardest thing for most travelers to deal with is the emotional “roller coaster” they seem to be riding. One moment they feel very positive toward the new culture, and the next moment very negative.

　　It seems common that international visitors and immigrants vacillate between loving and hating a new country. Feelings of separation and alienation can be intensified if they do not have a sense of fitting in or belonging.?

　　Fatigue is another problem people face when entering a new culture. There can be a sense of a greater need for sleep. This is due not only to physical tiredness, but also to mental fatigue. This mental fatigue comes from straining to comprehend the language, and coping with new situations. ?

　　The impact of culture shock can vary from person to person. There can be significant differences because some people may be better prepared to enter a new culture. Four factors which play into these are personality, language ability, length of stay, and the emotional support received.?

　　It is logical to think that when people are deprived of their familiar surroundings they will feel disoriented. One solution some have found is to bring a few small reminders of home.

　　Pictures, wall hangings, favorite utensils, and keep sakes are all good candidates to make things feel more familiar. Another helpful activity is to establish little routines that become familiar over time. Even better is fitting things that were part of the regular routine back in the home country into the routine established in the new culture. This will make people feel more at home.

　　Questions:

　　1.  According to Para. one,  experts have interests  in      _____________________________________________________________?.

　　2. Emotional “roller coaster” refers

    __________________________________________________________________?.

　　3. When entering a new culture, the problems people face are

    ____________________________________________________________________.

　　4. Copying with new situation may result in

    ____________________________________________________________________?.

　　5. According to the author, the more effective way to solve “cultural shock” is

    　____________________________________________________________.

　　答案部分

　　短文大意?

　　本文介绍了“文化休克”一词的来由：文化休克是由于它对接触一种陌生文化的人们所造成的影响而得名。接下来，文章依次介绍了人们接触陌生文化时所面临的重要难题。以及影响文化休克的四个因素，此外还介绍了解决文化休克问题的几个方法。

　　1.

    【参考答案】 Cultural shock’s effect on people.

　　  
    【答题技巧】 联系上下文是寻找本题答案的方法。

　　  
    【详细解答】 第一段的第一句话就提到：文化休克是由于它对接触一种陌生文化的人们所造成的影响而得名。在第二句话中得知Experts have been interested in these effects and …此句中的these effects虽然成为复数，但指的仍是第一句中：the effect it has on people when they enter a new culture.答案由此而来。

　　2.
  

    【参考答案】 unsteadily feeling toward new culture

　　?
    【答题技巧】 “由后向前归纳”是本题的技巧。

　　?
    【详细解答】 本题问的是：情绪上的“环滑车”指的是什么?文中提到：One moment they feel very positive toward the new culture,and the next moment very negative.由于是简短回答，我们便总结为“unsteadily feeling touard a new culture.”

　　3.

    【参考答案】 are emotional "roller coaster" and fatigue?

　　   
    【答题技巧】 从问题入手，深入下去是本题的捷径。?

　　   
    【详细解答】 从第三段的第一句话入手：Fatigue is another problem people face when entering a new culture“another”一词表明，前面第二段涉及的还有另一个问题。

　　4.
   

    【参考答案】 the mental fatigue

　　?
    【答题技巧】 由原因推向结果是解题的思题。

　　?
    【详细解答】 本题只要注意到了第三段的最后一句：The mental fatigue comes from straining to comprehend the language,and coping with new situations.答案便迎刃而解。本句，The mental fatigue 是结果，coping with new situation是原因之一，本题问题是coping with new situation可能引起什么。那么，我们只要由原因推向结果即可。

　　5.

    【参考答案】 fitting some regular routines into the new culture.

　　?
    【答题技巧】 浏览一个段落，通过比较得出结论是本题的关键。

　　?
    【详细解答】 解决“文化休克”的最有效的办法是什么，文中

　　    
    最后一段提到，one solution…is to…,Another activity is to …,Even better is …,据作者的口气，三个方案中，最有效的建议便是：fitting things that were part of the regular routine back in the home country into the routine established in the new culture,对于这么长的方案，我们只挑主要的说就可以了。