英语强调形式既是高中教材中的重点、难点之一，又是高考热点。英语中为了加强语气，增强对比或增加感情色彩，经常用某些句型或某种词汇及短语来加强句中要强调的成分。

　　我们通常遇到的强调形式有下列几种：
　　一、用“It is / was …that …”句型进行强调。这是一个最常见的句型结构，可以用来强调一个句子中除谓语以外的任何一个非谓语成分（如主语、宾语、状语等），被强调部分可以是单词、短语或从句。它通常有下列几种基本句型结构：

　　①一般式： “It is / was + the emphasized part (被强调部分) + that / who…”
　　② 一般疑问式： “Is / Was + the emphasized part (被强调部分) + that / who… ？”
　　③ 特殊疑问式：“疑问词 + is / was it that…？”
　　④ “ not…until…”句式： “It is / was not until …that… ”

　　现举例如下：
　　⑴ He met an old friend in the park yesterday. (一般句)
　　⑵ It was he that / who met an old friend in the park yesterday. (强调主语)
　　⑶ It was an old friend that / who / whom he met in the park yesterday. (强调宾语)
　　⑷ It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday. (强调地点状语)
　　⑸ It was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park. （强调时间状语）
　　⑹ Was it in the park yesterday that he met an old friend ? (强调状语)
　　⑺ When was it that you called me yesterday ?
　　⑻ It was not until I got to the station that I found my wallet missing.
　　⑼ It was because she got up late that she missed the first bus. ( 注意：句中的 because不能用since 或 as 替代。)
　　⑽ It was when I told him my name that he remembered me.

　　使用强调句型时，须注意下列几点：
　　1．如果被强调的成分是人作的主语，可以用that或who（如句⑵）；如果被强调的成分是人作的宾语，也可用whom（如句⑶）；其它情况下一般只能用that 。
　　2． 在强调时间、地点或原因时，仍然只能用that，而不能用when，where，why和which ，如句⑷—⑽。
　　3． “It is / was …that …”句式中的that / who在从句中作主语时，其后的动词必须和它所指代的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。如：
　　　　　　　　　It is I who am to blame. 该受责备的是我。
　　　　　　　　　It is those lovely students who have helped me out. 是这些可爱的学生帮我摆脱了困境。

　　二、用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，以加强句意，一般用于肯定陈述句或祈使句中，译为“的确，确实，一定”等含义。如：
　　　　　He does speak English well. 他确实英语讲得很好。
　　　　　Do be careful. 千万要小心。

　　三、用very , just , only , own , single , right等形容词来表示强调。一般用来强调名词或代词。 如：
　　It’s just the shirt , the very shirt. 正是这件衬衫，就是它。
　　It was my own idea. 这是我自己的想法。

　　四、用even , much , still , far等副词及a little , a bit , a lot , a great deal , by far 来强调形容词、副词的比较级。如：
　　　　　　　　He runs much faster than Mike. 他比迈克跑得快得多。
　　　　　　　　I am a great deal better today. 我今天好多了。

　　五、用反身代词和不定代词作同位语来进行强调。如：
　　I gave the letter to the teacher himself. 我把信交给老师本人。
　　The queen herself attended the meeting. (=The queen attended the meeting herself.) 女王亲自出席了会议。
　　We all agree with you. 我们都同意你们的看法。

　　六、使用名词或介词短语来表示意义上的强调。如：the hell , the devil , on earth , in the world , at all , 　　let alone , nothing … but等，这些短语常作插入语。如：
　　He didn’t recognize me at all. 他根本没有认出我。
　　Where in the world (on earth) did you go last night. 你昨晚究竟去哪儿了？
　　Where the hell (the devil) have you been to ? 你究竟去哪儿了？

　　七、用large , a good , a great , quite等来修饰表示数量的词或词组。如：
　　The squirrel hides large quantities of nuts inside the trees. 松鼠将大量的坚果藏在树里。
　　A good (A great) many animals sleep under the snow. 许多动物睡在雪下。

　　八、用well , far , right 来强调介词短语。如：
　　He is well past fifty. 他大大超过50岁了。
　　We have seen that the hibernating animal reduces movement to far below the ordinary level.
　　冬眠动物把活动量大大减少到一般水平以下。

　　九、用通源宾语来进行强调。如：
　　They are living a happy life.
　　Last night I dreamed a pleasant dream.

　　十、用“What … is / was … ” 句式来强调主语或宾语。
　　What we need most is your help. 我们最需要的是你的帮助。
　　What really interests me is your plan. 真正使我感兴趣的是你的计划。

　　十一、用“疑问词 + ever ”构成的复合词或“no matter +疑问词”来进行强调，通常译为“无论……，都……”，一般强调从句中的主语、宾语或状语。如：
　　Whenever (No matter when) we met with difficulties , they came to help us.
　　Whichever (No matter which) book you borrow , you must return it in a week.

　　十二、把以though ，as等引导的状语从句中的动词或表语等置于句首来进行强调。一般译为“尽管 / 虽然……，但……。”如：
　　① Tired as (that) I was , I went on working.
　　② Child though (as) he was , he helped me a lot.
　　③ Lose money as I did , I got a lot of experience.
　　④ Try as you will , you won’t manage it.

　　注： 在上列从句中，如果表语是名词或名词短语，前面不能用冠词（句②）；如果动词前置，从句后要加情态动词（句④）；若没有情态动词，则要加上一个助动词do ，does ，或did（句③）；若前置动词是及物动词，则其后的宾语也要一同提前（句③）；若表语前置，as也可以用that替代（句①）。

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