以学生为中心的英语教学
| 作者：周应琴 专业分类：English |
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关键词：On the student-centered English teaching
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摘要：Introduction: after china entered WTO,our society has more chances to communicate with outside world。As an English teacher,I realize that the old-style way of teaching is not suitable the developing of the society。 In order to improve the result of English teaching, I try to touch study and create the new ways。 So there are some views of mine on one side of English teaching。
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正文：On the student-centered English teaching
Thesis:In today’s education, it is very important on the student-centered English teaching。
Outline:
I。 Introduction
II。 Brief introduction to the problems in english teaching。
A。 Feeding students with knowledge。
B。 Feeding students in the same way without discrimination。
C。 The root problems。
III。 Major argument: the elicitation method
A。 Fostering the students’ ability to learn by himself。
B。 Emphasizing the teacher’s role in giving the student guidance。
IV。 The method of “teaching students in accordance with aptitude。”
A。 Students varied in many ways。
B。 Teacher should know very well each of his students。
C。 Encouraged students to develop their capacities and interests freely and fully。
V。The applicability of teaching methods
A。 Help students cultivate the habit of learning in an active way。
B。 Giving students opportunities to practise what they have learned 。
C。 Improving the ways of teaching so as to arouse students’ interest。
VI。 Conclusion。
Introduction: after china entered WTO,our society has more chances to communicate with outside world。As an English teacher,I realize that the old-style way of teaching is not suitable the developing of the society。 In order to improve the result of English teaching, I try to touch study and create the new ways。 So there are some views of mine on one side of English teaching。
In the teaching history of China,there are many theories on teaching。 But also there are many problems on it。 China’s education today has mainly three problems。
Chinese students today are good at memorizing what they have learned from their text-books or teachers, but they are not in the habit of forming expressing their own ideasl。 Their role in the process of learning is more or less a passive one。 This is because our education pays more attention to feeding students with knowledge than to fostering their ability to learn by themselve and to think independently。 It is teacher orientated rather than student-orientated。 It often leads to mechanical and passive learning。 With students memorizing many facts, yet knowing how to use their minds。 For example, Lesson7 in Junior Textbook 1（B）,as usual, we’ll teach the letters what we have learned before。 But according to the five steps of class teaching: organization, revision,presentation, practice and homework。 We can suppose, if we first revise what we have learned before,the contents must be the letters。 After we have learned part 1 ,we can get into part2 of Lesson7。 but this part is about letters again。 So we can see this part is not relative to the last part of teaching step。 This is the problem insisting the English teaching。 Teachers cannot change or create the ways of teaching freely。 Just as in order to finish the task of teaching and give the students the knowledge simply without seeking the result and art of teaching。
Another main problem in English teaching is teaching students in the same way without discrimination, taking no particular consideration of their different interests and capacities。 As we know, there are about thirty students at least in each class （some more or some less）。 Different students have different features。 Also, they have different levels in learning English or other subjects。 As an excellent teacher, we must know every student well。 Not only the age, but also the situation of studying in recently; the level of knowledge; the ability of debeloping; the feature of personality; the hobby and so on 。 besides these, the teacher should know the different aims of study, the content in textbook, the nature of the subject and so on。 But most of us cnnot do this well。 They always teach all the students as one person, they teach them in the same way。
Probably the root of all these problems lives in the guiding principles of our education。 While confucius laid great emphasis on the cultivation of the abilities of students, today’s educations are more concerned with the cmount of knowledge given to students。 Educated in this way, students can only inherit from the past, without knowing how to develop in the future。 As a result, they may not be able to contribute much to the progress of society。
According to the problems in teaching, there are two main methods。 They are the elicitation method of teaching and that of “teaching students in accordance with their aptitude”。 In my career of teaching, I believe that learning should be very important for the students to learn by themselves。 The role of the teacher was to guid to supervise and above all to induce and initiate learning on the part of the learner。
English is a language。 Language learning is different from other kinds of learning。 Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields。 They find it difficult to succeed in language learning。 Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other field。
Language teachers often offer advice to language learners: read as much as you can in the new language。”practise speaking the language every day”。 “don’t translate and try to think in the new language,Learn as a child would learn; play with the language。”
But what does a successful language learner do？ Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways。
Fist of all, the students must be independent learners。 They do not depend on the book or the teacher。 They discover their own way to learn the language。 Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves。 They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions。 When they guess wrong, they guess again。 They try to learn from their mistakes。
The students must be active learners。 Therefore, successful learner is good at looking for chances。 They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake。 They want to try anything to communicate。 They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again。 When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete。 It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word。
Finally, the students must be learners with a purpose。 They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it。 It is necessary for them to learn from them, they want to learn with it。
Of course, learning by the students themselves does not mean that the teachers are no longer necessary。 Actually, great emphasis is laid on the teacher’s role in guiding students in the course of study。
As a good teacher, he must be skillful in helping and encouraging his students to learn by themselves。
When a disciple raise a question, teacher should seldom offer a ready answer, but drop a hint or asked a question in reply, learning the answer to be reasoned out by the student himself。
Teachers should often encourage his disciples to express their own ideas so that they would form the habit of active thinking。 When a student was too timid to express his idea, the master urged him on in a most friendly manner, and did not command him with the severity which usually characterizes old-style Chinese teacher。
The knowledge a teacher could impart to his students was limited, so we should foster the student’s ability of perception, that is, the ability of organization by relating new ideas to familiar ideas, the known to the unknown, or the surface to the underlying。 When the teacher told his students one thing, he would encourage them to analyze it and deduce the assumptions behind it, so that they could understand them。
So there are some ways of helping the students to learn by themselves。 One of them is arousing students’ interest and eagerness in study。 It’s making students interested in what they were learning, only when they were eager to learn, they could study on their own initiative。 If so, there would be no barrier between their minds and the knowledge to be learned。 So that we can arouse interesting, attrcat and hold the attention of the students。 For example, when we teach the new words “apple,egg,banana,pear,cake,bread and bag “etc, we can bring the objects into the classroom to show them to the students。 And then hold a match。 If the students can read and spell the word correctly, he or she can get the objects as a prize。 Such as a student can say and copy down the “pear” without book on the blackboard。 The teacher says,”that’s right。 Here is your pear。” I think in this way, the students must be very interested in learning English。
To sum up, the teacher’s role of guiding is two fold。 One is guiding the students to do better in the process of learning , and the other was developing him an interest and eagerness in study。
But at the same time, we must realize that students varied in their ambitions and life styles also differed。 So as teachers we should always accommodated to these differences and used various methods in teaching or solving problems for our students。
According to the problem—teaching students in the same way and in order to apply the students of “teaching students in accordance with their aptitude”, the teacher should know each of his students well。 For instance, if we revise at the end of the term, we should know the knowledge level of each student。 Who is weak in grammar？ Who is poor in listening？。。。and so on。 Then we can find and adopt the useful ways to help them。 We can do that with a plan and an purposive steps。
The teachers should always encourage the students to develop their capacities and interests freely and fully。 For instance, we can encourage the students to improve their memory。 Such as meaningfulness affects memory at all levels。 Information which has no use on you is difficult to be remembered。 There are several ways which can make material more meaningful。 For example,learn a rhyme to help them remember。 Do you know the rhyme？ Thirty days has september,april,june and november…？ It helps the students remember which months of the year have thirty days。 Another example, the students all are young boys and girls, they are very active and energy。 So they like to act in class。 According to this, when we have class, we can plan some dialogue scene and divide them into groups to act out。 Then they can not only learn the text well, but also be interested in English。 And this can help them to make more advance in study。
The first thing our educators today should do in improving the method of teaching to attach greater importance to helping the students cultivate the habit of active questioning, debating and expressing their own views from their childhood。 For example, after we learn the FamilyTree in Junior Book1（A）, we can ask the students to try their best to introduce their own family。 At the same time, ask some questions to the others。 “How many people are there in her or his family？ How many aunts or uncles are there in her or his family？ How old is he or he？。。。”
The second thing our educators today should do is the method of teaching to give students more opportunities to put into practice what they have learned in class。 Some linguists believed that learning a foreign language is different from learning to speak your native language by memorizing them。 The students must practise to say the language wand using the rules correctly。 These linguists try to teach the students the rules of the language, they give the students many sentences in the language to say over and over again in class。 The students are encouraged to make up new sentences to use the rules and other words that have learnd。
Thirdly, in order to bring students initiative into full play, teachers should use various methods to arouse their interest in learning。 Nowadays more and more educators agree that it is imperative to improve this way of teaching, making them as interesting as possible。 Only in this way the process of teaching and learning become student orientated and the results achieved better。 So I think the following ways of teaching are very important and useful。
First , education with electrical audiovisual aids, aids to object teaching and the use of aid to object teaching。 According to our situation, we can use recorder, computer, pictures, cards, forms and so on。 For example, if we want to learn the background of the students, we can list a form like the following:
Name Age Date of Admission Address
Li Ming 13 Sept1,1991 #31Zhougshan Road
Wang Hai 14 Sept1,1988 #212Renmin Road
Chen Ling 12 Sept1,1988 #86Renmin Road
It’s obvious that there are many advantages。 This can give the students more chance to practise; this can also improve the atmosphere in class, voice and objects are both used, so the students are helped to remember, this can do what “teach students in accordance with their aptitude”, the last one is that the teacher can learn the information of teaching in time to solve the problems and improve the result of teaching。
Another useful ways of teaching is Simplified drawing。 It is used widely in English teaching。 It’s very simple and brief。 It’s very easy to beed and understood。 For example:
Also the simplified drawing is very simple, interesting and humorious。 So it can stimulate the interest of the students。 For instance:
Using the simplified drawing can help the students to think actively, and make them to study objectively and aimly。 In this way, the students can learn the knowledge initiatively。 Then we can change the situation of feeding knowledge to the students。
Extracurricular activisties is also a useful method in English teaching。 It includes English chant, English party and English corner, etc。
These activites are very interesting。 They can help the students use and practise what they learned in class。 For example, the drill of chant can help the students to practise the pronunciation correctly。
She sells se shells on the seashore
The shells she sells are seashells
I am sure
For if she sells seashells on the seashore
Then I’m sure she sells seashore shells
Of course, there are still many other methods in English teaching。 Different persons has different forms in teaching English。 Everyone can explore and create useful ways in his own case of teaching。 Today’s educators should not be satisfied with the success of own A more important thing for us to do is to develop rational and feasible teaching methods which can meet the needs of the country。 Only in this way can our society develop rapidly and our education become more and more advanced。
Bibliography:
1。 analects, the Trans。D。C。Lau。Hong Kong:the Chinese Up,1983。
2。 Deard,Ruth m。and James Hartley。 Teaching and Learningin Higher Education。 London:Harper and Row Ltd,1982
3。 Chen,Lifu。 The Confucian Way。 London:KP1,1986
4。 Tu, Weiming。 Confucian thought。
5。 Li Hongwei。Qu Yongqiang。 Teach yourself。 Beijing : Higher Education Publication, INC,1988
6。 Han Zhixian, Huo Huisheng & Liu Beili。 AN ENGLISH READING COURSE FOR COMPREHENSION & SPEED。 Beijing : Higher Education Publication, INC,1988
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作者:周应琴
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所在学校：重庆丰都第三中学
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